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Mountain formation occurs due to a variety of geological processes associated with large-scale movements of the Earth's crust (tectonic plates). [1] Folding , faulting , volcanic activity , igneous intrusion and metamorphism can all be parts of the orogenic process of mountain building. [ 2 ]
For example, the world's second-highest mountain is K2 (height 8,611 m, prominence 4,017 m). While Mount Everest's South Summit (height 8,749 m, prominence 11 m [2]) is taller than K2, it is not considered an independent mountain because it is a sub-summit of the main summit (which has a height and prominence of 8,848 m).
A water gap is a gap that flowing water has carved through a mountain range or mountain ridge and that still carries water today. [1] Such gaps that no longer carry water currents are called wind gaps. Water gaps and wind gaps often offer a practical route for road and rail transport to cross the mountain barrier.
Isostasy (Greek ísos 'equal', stásis 'standstill') or isostatic equilibrium is the state of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust (or lithosphere) and mantle such that the crust "floats" at an elevation that depends on its thickness and density.
Flat – Relatively level surface of land within a region of greater relief; Flatiron – Steeply sloping triangular landform; Floodplain – Land adjacent to a water body which is flooded during periods of high water; Foothills – Hills before a mountain range; Fluvial island – Exposed landmass within a river
The prominence of a peak is the minimum height of climb to the summit on any route from a higher peak, or from sea level if there is no higher peak. The lowest point on that route is the col . For full definitions and explanations of topographic prominence , key col , and parent , see topographic prominence .
Heating of solids, sunlight and shade in different altitudinal zones (Northern hemisphere) [5] A variety of environmental factors determines the boundaries of altitudinal zones found on mountains, ranging from direct effects of temperature and precipitation to indirect characteristics of the mountain itself, as well as biological interactions of the species.
Mount Le Conte (or LeConte) is a mountain located within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Sevier County, Tennessee.At 6,593 ft (2,010 m) it is the third highest peak in the national park, behind Kuwohi (6,643 ft (2,025 m)) and Mount Guyot (6,621 ft (2,018 m)).