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A cross-section of a tire. Number 12 indicates the radial ply. Numbers 14 and 16 are bias plies. A radial tire (more properly, a radial-ply tire) is a particular design of vehicular tire. In this design, the cord plies are arranged at 90 degrees to the direction of travel, or radially (from the center of the tire).
R – this is a radial tire; 16 – this tire fits 16 in (410 mm) rims; 85 – the load index, a maximum of 515 kg (1,135 lb) per tire in this case; H – the speed index, this means the maximum permitted speed, here 210 km/h (130 mph) The tires on a Hummer H1 might be labeled: 37X12.5R17LT. 37 – the tire is 37 in (940 mm) in diameter
Automakers and consumers in the United States continued with low-cost bias-ply type tires through the early 1970s. [14] The Polyglas tire and its combination competitors were replaced by steel belted radials as original equipment tires after 1975. Increased fuel efficiency and tire mileage overcame the higher price of radial construction.
Tire uniformity refers to the dynamic mechanical properties of pneumatic tires as strictly defined by a set of measurement standards and test conditions accepted by global tire and car makers. These standards include the parameters of radial force variation , lateral force variation , conicity, ply steer, radial run-out , lateral run-out , and ...
Following the 1968 Consumer Reports announcement of the superiority of the radial design, radial tires began an inexorable climb in market share, reaching 100% of the North American market in the 1980s. [20] Radial tire technology is now the standard design for essentially all automotive tires, but other methods have been used. [26]
1967: Goodyear introduces the Polyglas tire, one of the first wide-tread bias-belted fiberglass tires, which along with similar tires from competitors such as the Firestone Wide-Oval would become regular equipment on 1970 to 1974 models, which would be superseded by radial tires beginning in 1975. 1969: Sales reach $3 billion