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The sympathetic ganglia, or paravertebral ganglia, are autonomic ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. Ganglia are 20,000 to 30,000 afferent and efferent nerve cell bodies that run along on either side of the spinal cord. Afferent nerve cell bodies bring information from the body to the brain and spinal cord, while efferent nerve cell ...
Prevertebral ganglia (or collateral ganglia, [1] or preaortic ganglia [2]) are sympathetic ganglia situated along the midline, anterior to the aorta and the vertebral column. The prevertebral ganglia are the celiac ganglia (including the aorticorenal ganglia ), the superior mesenteric ganglion , and the inferior mesenteric ganglion .
Presynaptic neurons traveling from the spinal cord terminate in the paravertebral ganglia (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) or the prevertebral ganglia. They synapse with either the postsynaptic neuron of the corresponding level of the spinal cord or ascend and descend to synapse at the lower or upper paravertebral ganglia, respectively.
The cervical ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic nerves from the thoracic spinal cord enter into the cervical ganglions and synapse with its postganglionic fibers or nerves. The cervical ganglion has three paravertebral ganglia:
The sympathetic trunk is a fundamental part of the sympathetic nervous system, and part of the autonomic nervous system.It allows nerve fibres to travel to spinal nerves that are superior and inferior to the one in which they originated.
Prevertebral ganglia: Greater splanchnic nerve: T5–T9 or T10: Celiac ganglia: Lesser splanchnic nerve: T10–T11: Superior mesenteric ganglia and Aorticorenal ganglia: Least splanchnic nerve: T12: Renal plexus: Lumbar splanchnic nerves: L1–2: Inferior mesenteric ganglia, ganglia of intermesenteric and hypogastric plexuses: Sacral splanchnic ...
In all cases, the axon enters the paravertebral ganglion at the level of its originating spinal nerve. After this, it can then either synapse in this ganglion, ascend to a more superior or descend to a more inferior paravertebral ganglion and synapse there, or it can descend to a prevertebral ganglion and synapse there with the postsynaptic cell.
The thoracic ganglia are paravertebral ganglia.The thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk typically has 12 thoracic ganglia.Emerging from the ganglia are thoracic splanchnic nerves (the cardiopulmonary, the greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves) that help provide sympathetic innervation to thoracic and abdominal structures.