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Signals are most commonly mounted on trackside masts about 12 to 15 feet (3.7 to 4.6 m) high to put them in the eyeline of the engineer. Signals can also be mounted on signal bridges or cantilever masts spanning multiple tracks. Signal bridges and masts typically provide at least 20 feet (6.1 m) of clearance over the top of the rail.
Railway signalling (BE), or railroad signaling (AE), is a system used to control the movement of railway traffic. Trains move on fixed rails , making them uniquely susceptible to collision . This susceptibility is exacerbated by the enormous weight and inertia of a train, which makes it difficult to quickly stop when encountering an obstacle.
The first reached by a train is known as the home signal. The last stop signal, known as the starting or section signal, is usually located past the points etc. and controls entry to the block section ahead. The distance between the home and starting signals is usually quite short (typically a few hundred yards), and allows a train to wait for ...
A British Upper Quadrant semaphore signal. In the days of the first British railways, "policemen" were employed by every railway company. Their jobs were many and varied, but one of their key roles was the giving of hand signals to inform engine drivers as to the state of the line ahead. [3]
A rail break between the insulated rail joint and the track circuit feed wiring would not be detected. Failure modes that result in an incorrect "track clear" signal (known usually in North America as a "false clear") may allow a train to enter an occupied block, creating the risk of a collision. Wheel scale and short trains may also be a problem.
Athens-Piraeus Railway Company, the predecessor of EIS (Hellenic Electric Railways) and ISAP, installed a signalling and points control system in 1900–1904, during the electrification of the line. The mechanical signalling system was designed by Siemens & Halske and used semaphores for the main signals and square boards for the distant signals.
Standards for North American railroad signaling in the United States are issued by the Association of American Railroads (AAR), which is a trade association of the railroads of Canada, the US, and Mexico. Their system is loosely based on practices developed in the United Kingdom during the early years of railway development. However, North ...
The railways of Victoria use a mix of railway signalling practices: British route signalling (known as two position signalling) and US speed signalling (known as three position signalling). [15] Two position and three position signals can be mixed at one location. Running three position signals have two continuously lit lights vertically arranged.