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Herman Hollerith (February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929) was a German-American statistician, inventor, and businessman who developed an electromechanical tabulating machine for punched cards to assist in summarizing information and, later, in accounting.
Hollerith 1890 tabulating machine with sorting box. [a] Hollerith punched card. The tabulating machine was an electromechanical machine designed to assist in summarizing information stored on punched cards. Invented by Herman Hollerith, the machine was developed to help process data for the 1890 U.S. Census.
Replica of Hollerith tabulating machine with sorting box, circa 1890. The "sorting box" was an adjunct to, and controlled by, the tabulator. The "sorter", an independent machine, was a later development. [15] 1884: Herman Hollerith files a patent application titled "Art of Compiling Statistics"; granted U.S. patent 395,782 on January 8, 1889.
Census worker with Hollerith pantograph punch [7] Herman Hollerith's first device for punching cards from the 1890s was ...any ordinary ticket punch, cutting a round hole 3/16 of an inch in diameter. [8] Use of such a punch was facilitated by placing the holes to be used near the edges of the card.
Herman Hollerith: a German American statistician who developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards; Gottlob Honold: Inventor of the spark plug and the modern internal combustion engine, as well as headlights.
During 1907, the company was renamed the "British Tabulating Machine Company Limited". In 1920, the company moved from London to Letchworth, Hertfordshire; it was also at this point that it started manufacturing its own machines, rather than simply reselling Hollerith equipment. Annual revenues were £6K in 1915, £122K in 1925, and £170K in 1937.
Sorting cards became an issue during the 1900 agricultural census, so Herman Hollerith's company developed the 1901 Hollerith Automatic Horizontal Sorter, [4] a sorter with horizontal pockets. [ 5 ] In 1908, he designed the more compact Hollerith 070 Vertical Sorting Machine [ 6 ] that sorted 250 cards per minute.
Punch card for Herman Hollerith's Electric Sorting and Tabulating Machine, ca. 1895. Items portrayed in this file depicts. inception. 1895. File history.