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It has a characteristic reddish-purple color, though this can change with pH; solutions of the compound are red at pH < 3, violet at pH 7-8, and blue at pH > 11. In certain fruits, the highest concentrations of cyanidin are found in the seeds and skin. [citation needed] Cyanidin has been found to be a potent sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) activator. [2] [3]
Anthocyanins may be used as pH indicators because their color changes with pH; they are red or pink in acidic solutions (pH < 7), purple in neutral solutions (pH ≈ 7), greenish-yellow in alkaline solutions (pH > 7), and colorless in very alkaline solutions, where the pigment is completely reduced. [57]
In the European Union, two health claims were authorized between 2012 and 2015: 1) flavanols in cocoa solids at doses exceeding 200 mg per day may contribute to maintenance of vascular elasticity and normal blood flow; [62] [63] 2) olive oil polyphenols (5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives (e.g. oleuropein complex and tyrosol) may ...
Delphinidin (also delphinidine [1] [2]) is an anthocyanidin, a primary plant pigment, and also an antioxidant. [3] Delphinidin gives blue hues to flowers in the genera Viola and Delphinium . It also gives the blue-red color of the grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon , and can be found in cranberries and Concord grapes as well as pomegranates , [ 4 ...
It is a dioecious tropical tree that grows well in a diversity of soil, from sea level to 750 metres (2,400 ft) above sea level. Seed trees are normally planted 10–15 metres (30–45 ft) from each other; this one can be planted from 7.5–9 metres (25–30 ft) from each other. It needs a good distribution of rainfall through the year.
The leaves have four elliptic leaflets which are 5–12.5 cm (2.0–4.9 in) long and 2.5–5 cm (0.98–1.97 in) wide. They are typically dioecious plants, though autogamous trees occur from time to time. Flowers have four petals and eight stamens and produce void, green drupes which are 2.5–4 cm (0.98–1.57 in) long and 2 cm (0.79 in) wide ...
The fruit is an indehiscent legume, sometimes called a pod, 12 to 15 cm (4 + 1 ⁄ 2 to 6 in) in length, with a hard, brown shell. [12] [13] [14] The fruit has a fleshy, juicy, acidic pulp. It is mature when the flesh is coloured brown or reddish brown.
Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), found in many plants, is a natural product belonging to the flavone class that is the aglycone of several naturally occurring glycosides. It is a yellow crystalline solid that has been used to dye wool.