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Liquid nitrogen has a boiling point of about −196 °C (−321 °F; 77 K). It is produced industrially by fractional distillation of liquid air. It is a colorless, mobile liquid whose viscosity is about one-tenth that of acetone (i.e. roughly one-thirtieth that of water at room temperature). Liquid nitrogen is widely used as a coolant.
The name liquid nitrogen wash is a little misleading, since no liquid nitrogen is supplied from outside to be used for scrubbing, but gaseous high pressure nitrogen, supplied by the Air separation Unit that usually also provides the oxygen for the upstream Partial Oxidation. [7]
Campbell White, in 1899, was the first to use refrigerants medically, and Allington, in 1950, was the first to use liquid nitrogen for medical treatments. [12] In 1961, Cooper et al. created an early cryoprobe that reached −190 °C using liquid nitrogen. [ 12 ]
Medical cryotherapy gun with liquid nitrogen. In medical applications, spray cans containing dimethyl ether [4] or tetrafluoroethane may also be used to freeze and destroy tissue, for removal of warts and skin tags, or other uses in cryosurgery. Liquified petroleum gas including propane and butane is
A tank of liquid nitrogen, used to supply a cryogenic freezer (for storing laboratory samples at a temperature of about −150 °C or −238 °F) Controlled-rate and slow freezing, also known as slow programmable freezing (SPF), [18] is a technique where cells are cooled to around -196 °C over the course of several hours.
Clean, oxide-free indium will cold weld to itself. The mating ends of a wire seal will weld together under compression. [12] A more reliable alternative to a seal made from indium wire is a seal that uses an indium washer. Washers minimize the risk of seal degradation and cryogenic leaks by eliminating the interface between connected butt ends ...
A Florida woman is suing a hotel after she allegedly suffered serious injuries from liquid nitrogen that was poured into her drink. Woman's gallbladder and stomach removed after she was served ...
By the 1940s, liquid nitrogen became more readily available, and the most common method of application was by means of a cotton applicator. In 1961, Cooper and Lee introduced a closed-system apparatus to spray liquid nitrogen. In the late 1960s, metal probes became available. By 1990, 87% of dermatologists used cryotherapy in their practice."