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Type 984 radar on HMS Victorious, 1961. 3D radar provides for radar ranging and direction in three dimensions. In addition to range, the more common two-dimensional radar provides only azimuth for direction, whereas the 3D radar also provides elevation. Applications include weather monitoring, air defense, and surveillance.
The AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel is an X-band electronically steered pulse-Doppler 3D radar system used to alert and cue Short Range Air Defense (SHORAD) weapons to the locations of hostile targets approaching their front line forces. It is currently produced by Raytheon Missiles & Defense.
A Doppler radar is a specialized radar that uses the Doppler effect to produce velocity data about objects at a distance. [1] It does this by bouncing a microwave signal off a desired target and analyzing how the object's motion has altered the frequency of the returned signal.
AN/APN-168 Doppler radar by Marconi Electronic Systems used with AN/AYA-3; used in CH-53A and OV-1 Mohawk AN/APN-169 station-keeping radar by Sierra, for the C-130 and C-141 AN/APN-170 terrain following radar by General Dynamics for A-4C B-52 and B-58
However, since humans reflect far less radar energy than metal does, these systems require sophisticated technology to isolate human targets and moreover to process any sort of detailed image. Through-the-wall radars can be made with Ultra Wideband impulse radar, micro-Doppler radar, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR). [5] Imaging radar; 3D radar
Synthetic-aperture radar determines the 3D reflectivity from measured SAR data. It is basically a spectrum estimation, because for a specific cell of an image, the complex-value SAR measurements of the SAR image stack are a sampled version of the Fourier transform of reflectivity in elevation direction, but the Fourier transform is irregular. [18]
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It combines 3D imaging with Doppler analysis to create the additional dimension – velocity. [15] A 60GHz 4D imaging radar sensor from Vayyar Imaging. A 4D imaging radar system measures the time of flight from each transmitting (Tx) antenna to a target and back to each receiving (Rx) antenna, processing data from the numerous ellipsoids formed.