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In psychology, developmental stage theories are theories that divide psychological development into distinct stages which are characterized by qualitative differences in behavior. [ 1 ] There are several different views about psychological and physical development and how they proceed throughout the life span.
Developmental psychology employs many of the research methods used in other areas of psychology. However, infants and children cannot be tested in the same ways as adults, so different methods are often used to study their development. Developmental psychologists have a number of methods to study changes in individuals over time.
The neo-Piagetian theories aim to correct one or more of the following weaknesses in Piaget's theory: Piaget's developmental stage theory proposes that people develop through various stages of cognitive development, but his theory does not sufficiently explain why development from stage to stage occurs. [1]
This category contains theories of how a psychological aspect of human development progresses. While these theories are often in discrete stages, they are not always, but they do always cover how a person's development would progress as they age.
The theory considers the lifelong accumulation of developmental additions and subtractions, with the relative proportion of gains to losses diminishing over an individual's lifetime. [14] According to this theory, life span development has multiple trajectories (positive, negative, stable) and causes (biological, psychological, social, and ...
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated in the second half of the 20th century by Erik Erikson in collaboration with Joan Erikson, [1] is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages that a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood.
Each system contains roles, norms, and rules that can powerfully shape development. Since its publication in 1979, Bronfenbrenner's major statement of this theory, The Ecology of Human Development, [7] has had widespread influence on the way psychologists and others approach the study of human beings and their environments. As a result of this ...
The importance of contingency appears to be highlighted in other developmental theories, [21] but the behavioral model recognizes that contingency must be determined by two factors: [22] the efficiency of the action and that efficiency compared to other tasks that the infant might perform at that point. Both infants and adults function in their ...