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A zoonosis (/ z oʊ ˈ ɒ n ə s ɪ s, ˌ z oʊ ə ˈ n oʊ s ɪ s / ⓘ; [1] plural zoonoses) or zoonotic disease is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion) that can jump from a non-human vertebrate to a human. When humans infect non-humans, it is called reverse ...
A number of animals, wild or domesticated, carry infectious diseases and approximately 75% of wildlife diseases are vector-borne viral zoonotic diseases. [13] Zoonotic diseases are complex infections residing in animals and can be transmitted to humans. The emergence of zoonotic diseases usually occurs in three stages. Initially the disease is ...
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, was first introduced to humans through zoonosis (transmission of a pathogen to a human from an animal), and a zoonotic spillover event is the origin of SARS-CoV-2 that is considered most plausible by the scientific community.
The One Health approach, which integrates animal, human, and environmental health, has emerged as a crucial tool for monitoring and mitigating the spread of infectious diseases. [43] Zoonotic diseases, originating from animal sources, pose a significant threat to human health. Up to 75% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, originating ...
Although a variety of infectious diseases existed in the Americas in pre-Columbian times, [1] the limited size of the populations, smaller number of domesticated animals with zoonotic diseases, and limited interactions between those populations (as compared to areas of Eurasia and Africa) hampered the transmission of communicable diseases.
The history of malaria extends from its prehistoric origin as a zoonotic disease in the primates of Africa through to the 21st century. A widespread and potentially lethal human infectious disease, at its peak malaria infested every continent except Antarctica . [ 1 ]
Zoonosis or zoonotic disease can be defined as an infectious disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans. [16] One Health plays a big role in helping to prevent and control zoonotic diseases. [17] Approximately 75% of new and emerging infectious diseases in humans are defined as zoonotic. [17]
The history of syphilis has been well studied, but the exact origin of the disease remains unknown. [3] It appears to have originated in both Africa and America. [4] [5] As such, there are two primary hypotheses: one proposes that syphilis was carried to Europe from the Americas by the crew(s) of Christopher Columbus as a byproduct of the Columbian exchange, while the other proposes that ...