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Early speculations about the nature of the chemical bond, from as early as the 12th century, supposed that certain types of chemical species were joined by a type of chemical affinity. In 1704, Sir Isaac Newton famously outlined his atomic bonding theory, in "Query 31" of his Opticks , whereby atoms attach to each other by some " force ".
The study of the energetics of bond rotation is referred to as conformational analysis. [6] In some cases, conformational analysis can be used to predict and explain product selectivity, mechanisms, and rates of reactions. [7] Conformational analysis also plays an important role in rational, structure-based drug design.
Bond energy (BE) is the average of all bond-dissociation energies of a single type of bond in a given molecule. [7] The bond-dissociation energies of several different bonds of the same type can vary even within a single molecule. For example, a water molecule is composed of two O–H bonds bonded as H–O–H.
Chemical bond properties (11 P) I. Intermolecular forces (44 P) Ions (7 C, 40 P) Pages in category "Chemical bonding" The following 184 pages are in this category ...
Molecular orbitals are of three types: bonding orbitals which have an energy lower than the energy of the atomic orbitals which formed them, and thus promote the chemical bonds which hold the molecule together; antibonding orbitals which have an energy higher than the energy of their constituent atomic orbitals, and so oppose the bonding of the ...
Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that arises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons (in the form of an electron cloud of delocalized electrons) and positively charged metal ions. It may be described as the sharing of free electrons among a structure of positively charged ions .
[4] [5] An extended version of this model is used to describe the whole class of hypervalent molecules such as phosphorus pentafluoride and sulfur hexafluoride as well as multi-center π-bonding such as ozone and sulfur trioxide. There are also molecules such as diborane (B 2 H 6) and dialane (Al 2 H 6) which have three-center two-electron bond ...
The orbital which is in a lower energy state than the orbitals of the separate atoms is the bonding orbital, which is more stable and promotes the bonding of the two H atoms into H 2. The higher-energy orbital is the antibonding orbital, which is less stable and opposes bonding if it is occupied.