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Tattoo arts are common in the Eastern Polynesian homeland of the Māori people, and the traditional implements and methods employed were similar to those used in other parts of Polynesia. [3] In pre-European Māori culture, many if not most high-ranking persons received moko.
Although in an essentially traditional style, this carving was created using metal tools and uses modern paints, creating a form distinct from that of pre-European times. Māori visual art consists primarily of four forms: carving , tattooing , weaving , and painting (kōwhaiwhai). [7]
Toi whakairo or just whakairo is the Māori traditional art of carving [98] in wood, stone or bone. Some surviving whakairo, or carvings, are over 500 years old. Wood carvings were used to decorate houses, fence-poles, containers, taiaha, tool handles, and other objects. Large-scale stone-face carvings were sometimes created.
Māori traditional textiles are the indigenous textiles of the Māori people of New Zealand. The organisation Te Roopu Raranga Whatu o Aotearoa , the national Māori weavers' collective , aims to preserve and foster the skills of making and using these materials.
The Māori Arts and Crafts Institute at Whakarewarewa in Rotorua, opened by Sir Āpirana Ngata in 1926, is a stronghold of traditional carving skills. [ 2 ] [ 5 ] Ngata put arts as a 'vital part' of the rejuvenation of Māori culture. [ 6 ]
It is an integral symbol in Māori art, carving and tattooing, where it symbolises new life, growth, strength and peace. [3] Its shape "conveys the idea of perpetual movement," while the inner coil "suggests returning to the point of origin".