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The four Sunni Imams founded the four madhhab (schools of thought) recognized in Sunni Islam. While they agree on the foundational principles of fiqh according to the Sunni narrative, their interpretations of certain legal and practical matters differ, which led to the development of the four distinct madhhab.
In the 20th century, some Islamic jurists began to assert their intellectual independence from traditional madhhabs. [8] With the spread of Salafi influence and reformist currents in the 20th century; a handful of Salafi scholars have asserted independence from being strictly bound by the traditional legal mechanisms of the four
It was the first madrasa in Makkah to teach all four madhhabs. The Hanafi and Shafiʽi school had twenty students each, while the Hanbali and Maliki schools had ten students each. [ 4 ]
Imam is an Arabic word meaning "Leader". The ruler of a country might be called the Imam, for example. The term, however, has important connotations in the Islamic tradition especially in Shia belief. In Sunni belief, the term is used for the founding scholars of the four Sunni madhhabs, or schools of religious jurisprudence .
All Sunni madhhabs recognize four sources of sharia (divine law): the Quran, sunnah (authentic hadith), qiyas (analogical reasoning), and ijma (juridical consensus). [24] However, the madhhabs differ from each other in their conception of the Principles of Islamic jurisprudence , or uṣūl al-fiqh , as briefly summarised by Hourani (1991). [ 25 ]
Al-Risala – The best-known book by al-Shafi'i in which he examined principles of jurisprudence. The book has been translated into English. Kitab al-Umm – his main surviving text on Shafi'i fiqh; Musnad al-Shafi'i (on hadith) – it is available with arrangement, Arabic 'Tartib', by Ahmad ibn Abd ar-Rahman al-Banna; Ikhtilaf al-Hadith
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The Shafiʽi school is one of the largest school of Sunni madhhabs by number of adherents. [ 2 ] [ 13 ] The demographic data by each fiqh, for each nation, is unavailable and the relative demographic size are estimates.