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In mathematics, the gamma function (represented by Γ, capital Greek letter gamma) is the most common extension of the factorial function to complex numbers.Derived by Daniel Bernoulli, the gamma function () is defined for all complex numbers except non-positive integers, and for every positive integer =, () = ()!.
If X ~ Gamma(ν/2, 2) (in the shape–scale parametrization), then X is identical to χ 2 (ν), the chi-squared distribution with ν degrees of freedom. Conversely, if Q ~ χ 2 (ν) and c is a positive constant, then cQ ~ Gamma(ν/2, 2c). If θ = 1/α, one obtains the Schulz-Zimm distribution, which is most prominently used to model polymer ...
The gamma function is an important special function in mathematics.Its particular values can be expressed in closed form for integer and half-integer arguments, but no simple expressions are known for the values at rational points in general.
For all positive integers, ! = (+), where Γ denotes the gamma function. However, the gamma function, unlike the factorial, is more broadly defined for all complex numbers other than non-positive integers; nevertheless, Stirling's formula may still be applied.
In probability theory and statistics, the inverse gamma distribution is a two-parameter family of continuous probability distributions on the positive real line, which is the distribution of the reciprocal of a variable distributed according to the gamma distribution.
Repeated application of the recurrence relation for the lower incomplete gamma function leads to the power series expansion: [2] (,) = = (+) (+) = = (+ +). Given the rapid growth in absolute value of Γ(z + k) when k → ∞, and the fact that the reciprocal of Γ(z) is an entire function, the coefficients in the rightmost sum are well-defined, and locally the sum converges uniformly for all ...
Since a gyromagnetic factor equal to 2 follows from Dirac's equation, it is a frequent misconception to think that a g-factor 2 is a consequence of relativity; it is not. The factor 2 can be obtained from the linearization of both the Schrödinger equation and the relativistic Klein–Gordon equation (which leads to Dirac's).
The Lorentz factor or Lorentz term (also known as the gamma factor [1]) is a dimensionless quantity expressing how much the measurements of time, length, and other physical properties change for an object while it moves. The expression appears in several equations in special relativity, and it arises in derivations of the Lorentz transformations.