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Engraving facing the title page of an 18th-century edition of Plutarch's Lives. The Parallel Lives (Ancient Greek: Βίοι Παράλληλοι, Bíoi Parállēloi; Latin: Vītae Parallēlae) is a series of 48 biographies of famous men written in Greek by the Greco-Roman philosopher, historian, and Apollonian priest Plutarch, probably at the beginning of the second century.
Plutarch's general procedure for the Lives was to write the life of a prominent Greek, then cast about for a suitable Roman parallel, and end with a brief comparison of the Greek and Roman lives. Currently, only 19 of the parallel lives end with a comparison, while possibly they all did at one time.
In 1559, Plutarch's Parallel Lives were translated into French by Jacques Amyot, whose work was in turn translated into English by Sir Thomas North. William Shakespeare only read Plutarch from North's version, and he was his only source for his plays Julius Caesar (1599), Coriolanus (1605–1608), and Antony and Cleopatra (1607).
Plutarch, Parallel Lives, "Life of {{{1}}}" ([[s:Plutarch's Lives (Clough)/Life_of_{{{1}}}#1:1 |ed.Clough 1859]]; ed. Loeb). This template generates a citation of one of Plutarch's Parallel Lives, with hyperlinks to the Loeb edition (on Bill Thayer's penelope.uchicago.edu) and the Clough/Dryden edition (on Wikisource).
c. 100: Plutarch, Parallel Lives: "Armenia, where Tigranes reigns, king of kings, and holds in his hands a power that has enabled him to keep the Parthians in narrow bounds, to remove Greek cities bodily into Media, to conquer Syria and Palestine, to put to death the kings of the royal line of Seleucus, and carry away their wives and daughters ...
Sir Thomas North (28 May 1535 – c. 1604) was an English translator, military officer, lawyer, and justice of the peace. His translation into English of Plutarch's Parallel Lives is notable for being the main source text used by William Shakespeare for his Roman plays.
His only considerable enterprise in prose was a revision of a 17th-century translation of Plutarch (called the "Dryden Translation," but actually the product of translators other than Dryden) which occupied him from 1852, and was published as Plutarch's Lives (1859). Clough's output is small and much of it appeared posthumously.
From Plutarch's Parallel Lives : The Life of Coriolanus Full text of 17th-century English translation by John Dryden (HTML) The Life of Coriolanus Full text of 19th-century English translation by Aubrey Stewart and George Long (multiple formats for download) Coriolanus Full text of Shakespeare's play based on Plutarch (HTML)