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At Mach 0.65, u is 65% of the speed of sound (subsonic), and, at Mach 1.35, u is 35% faster than the speed of sound (supersonic). An F/A-18 Hornet creating a vapor cone at transonic speed just before reaching the speed of sound. The local speed of sound, and hence the Mach number, depends on the temperature of the surrounding gas.
The Mach angle is acute, showing that the body exceeds Mach 1. The angle of the Mach wave (~59 degrees) indicates a velocity of about Mach 1.17. In fluid dynamics, a Mach wave, also known as a weak discontinuity, [1] [2] is a pressure wave traveling with the speed of sound caused by a slight change of pressure added to a compressible flow.
Transonic (or transsonic) flow is air flowing around an object at a speed that generates regions of both subsonic and supersonic airflow around that object. [1] The exact range of speeds depends on the object's critical Mach number, but transonic flow is seen at flight speeds close to the speed of sound (343 m/s at sea level), typically between Mach 0.8 and 1.2.
Commander Lawrence E. Flint Jr. accelerated his aircraft to 14,330 m (47,010 ft) at Mach 2.5 and climbed to 27,430 m (89,990 ft) at a 45-degree angle. He then shut down the engines and glided to the peak altitude. As the aircraft fell through 21,300 m (69,900 ft), Flint restarted the engines and resumed normal flight.
On 3 January 1966, XB-70 No. 2 attained a speed of Mach 3.05 while flying at 72,000 ft (22,000 m). AV-2 reached a top speed of Mach 3.08 and maintained it for 20 minutes on 12 April 1966. [91] On 19 May 1966, AV-2 reached Mach 3.06 and flew at Mach 3 for 32 minutes, covering 2,400 mi (3,900 km) in 91 minutes of total flight. [92]
Mach number is more useful, and most high-speed aircraft are limited to a maximum operating Mach number, also known as M MO. For example, if the M MO is Mach 0.83, then at 9,100 m (30,000 ft) where the speed of sound under standard conditions is 1,093 kilometres per hour (590 kn), the true airspeed at M MO is 906 kilometres per hour (489 kn).
ASALM US ALCM prototype, test-flown to hypersonic Mach 5.5; 3M-54 Kalibr (4,500 km, Mach 3) (the "Sizzler" variant is capable of supersonic speed at the terminal stage only) 3M-51 Alfa (250 km, Mach 2.5) Air-Sol Moyenne Portée (300–500 km+, Mach 3) – supersonic stand-off nuclear missile; ASM-3 (400 km, Mach 3+) BrahMos (290–800 km, Mach ...
A highly streamlined futuristic-looking design (using a drooped nose) it would have been powered by 2 PS.52 jets, a projected development of the Gyron giving 35,000 lb (155.6 kN) of thrust, and 4 Spectre rockets, giving a speed of Mach 2.5 at 76,000 ft (23,165 m). It was judged, at 98,000 lb (3 times the weight of the SR.177) and 84 ft long (26 ...