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The gastrin family (also known as the gastrin/cholecystokinin family) of proteins is defined by the peptide hormones gastrin and cholecystokinin. [1] Gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) [ 2 ] are structurally and functionally related peptide hormones that serve as regulators of various digestive processes and feeding behaviors.
Gastrin: G Cells in stomach ECL cells; parietal cells None Increases acid secretion, increases mucus growth Stimulates gastric contraction None Peptides and amino acids in lumen; gastrin releasing peptide and ACh in nervous reflexes Cholecystokinin (CCK) Endocrine I cells of the small intestine; neurons of the brain and gut
CCK has been shown to interact with the cholecystokinin A receptor located mainly on pancreatic acinar cells and cholecystokinin B receptor mostly in the brain and stomach. CCK B receptor also binds gastrin, a gastrointestinal hormone involved in stimulating gastric acid release and growth of the gastric mucosa.
The enzymes that are secreted in the stomach are gastric enzymes. The stomach plays a major role in digestion, both in a mechanical sense by mixing and crushing the food, and also in an enzymatic sense, by digesting it. The following are enzymes produced by the stomach and their respective function: Pepsin is the main gastric enzyme.
Gastrin is a linear peptide hormone produced by G cells of the duodenum and in the pyloric antrum of the stomach.It is secreted into the bloodstream. The encoded polypeptide is preprogastrin, which is cleaved by enzymes in posttranslational modification to produce progastrin (an intermediate, inactive precursor) and then gastrin in various forms, primarily the following three:
Little gastrin: 2098: 17: Both forms of gastrin are found in the gastric antrum and duodenum: Gastrins stimulate the secretion of gastric acid, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, and secretin; stimulate intestinal mucosal growth; increase gastric and intestinal motility Big gastrin: 3839: 34: Secretin-glucagon family: Secretin: 3056: 27: Duodenum ...
The stomach's contents are inhibited from emptying into the small intestine by: duodenal distension [3] [2] duodenal acidic pH [4] duodenal hypertonicity [5] [6] increased osmolarity of gastric chyme [5] [6] sympathetic stimulation [citation needed] intense pain [citation needed] Cholecystokinin, Secretin, Vasoactive intestinal peptide
A G cell or gastrin cell is a type of cell in the stomach and duodenum that secretes gastrin. It works in conjunction with gastric chief cells and parietal cells . G cells are found deep within the pyloric glands of the stomach antrum , and occasionally in the pancreas [ 1 ] and duodenum .