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  2. Singlet state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singlet_state

    The ability of positronium to form both singlet and triplet states is described mathematically by saying that the product of two doublet representations (meaning the electron and positron, which are both spin-1/2 doublets) can be decomposed into the sum of an adjoint representation (the triplet or spin 1 state) and a trivial representation (the ...

  3. Triplet state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triplet_state

    Examples of atoms in singlet, doublet, and triplet states. In quantum mechanics, a triplet state, or spin triplet, is the quantum state of an object such as an electron, atom, or molecule, having a quantum spin S = 1. It has three allowed values of the spin's projection along a given axis m S = −1, 0, or +1, giving the name "triplet".

  4. Doublet state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doublet_state

    Examples of atoms in singlet, doublet, and triplet states. In quantum mechanics, a doublet is a composite quantum state of a system with an effective spin of 1/2, such that there are two allowed values of the spin component, −1/2 and +1/2. Quantum systems with two possible states are sometimes called two-level systems.

  5. Multiplicity (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicity_(chemistry)

    The triplet consists of three states with spin components +1, 0 and –1 along the direction of the total orbital angular momentum, which is also 1 as indicated by the letter P. The total angular momentum quantum number J can vary from L+S = 2 to L–S = 0 in integer steps, so that J = 2, 1 or 0.

  6. Intersystem crossing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersystem_crossing

    For Fe(II) complexes, the first intersystem crossing occurs from the singlet to the triplet state, which is then followed by intersystem crossing between the triplet and the quintet state. At low temperatures, the low-spin state is favored, but the quintet state is unable to relax back to the low-spin ground state due to their differences in ...

  7. Diradicaloid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diradicaloid

    A small singlet-triplet energy gap can also indicate increased diradical character. [19] Lastly, if the calculated A-B distance (where A and B are the two radical centers) is elongated compared to the sum of the covalent radii (the typical A-B distance of a closed-shell molecule) but is shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii , this may ...

  8. Singlet fission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singlet_fission

    Singlet fission is a spin-allowed process, unique to molecular photophysics, whereby one singlet excited state is converted into two triplet states.The phenomenon has been observed in molecular crystals, aggregates, disordered thin films, and covalently-linked dimers, where the chromophores are oriented such that the electronic coupling between singlet and the double triplet states is large.

  9. Spin-forbidden reactions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-forbidden_reactions

    O atoms have a triplet ground state. Methoxy cation has a triplet ground state. In a mass spectrometer, it dissociates into singlet products (formyl cation and H 2): CH 3 O + → H 2 + HCO + Numerous spin-forbidden reactions are encountered in transition metal chemistry since many metal ions can adopt multiple spin states.