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This is a shortened version of the sixteenth chapter of the ICD-9: Symptoms, Signs and Ill-defined Conditions. It covers ICD codes 780 to 799. The full chapter can be found on pages 455 to 471 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.
Mapping of several bone diseases onto levels of vitamin D (calcidiol) in the blood [6] Normal bone vs. osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body.
It involves taking a specialised X-ray picture of the spine and hips and measuring the bone mineral density and comparing the result to the average value for a young healthy adult in the general population. [23] Adequate calcium levels and, probably, more importantly, vitamin D levels are essential for healthy bone density. Some people with KS ...
Older adults need about 600 to 800 IU of vitamin D daily, depending on their age. ... too much can put you at serious risk for toxicity including adverse side effects like kidney stones and high ...
Additionally, replacing potassium solely through diet may be costly and result in weight gain due to potentially large amounts of food needed. An effort should also be made to limit dietary sodium intake due to an inverse relationship with serum potassium. Increasing magnesium intake may also be beneficial for similar physiological reasons. [30]
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack or reduction of digestive enzymes made by the pancreas.EPI can occur in humans and is prevalent in many conditions [1] such as cystic fibrosis, [2] Shwachman–Diamond syndrome, [3] different types of pancreatitis, [4] multiple types of diabetes mellitus (Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes), [5] advanced ...
Emaciation manifests physically as thin limbs, pronounced and protruding bones, sunken eyes, dry skin, thinning hair, a bloated stomach, and a dry or coated tongue in humans. Emaciation is often accompanied by halitosis , hyponatremia , hypokalemia , anemia , improper function of lymph and the lymphatic system , and pleurisy and edema .
Obesity increases the risk of having low serum vitamin D. Supplementation does not lead to weight loss, but weight loss increases serum vitamin D. The theory is that fatty tissue sequesters vitamin D. [41] Bariatric surgery as a treatment for obesity can lead to vitamin deficiencies. Long-term follow-up reported deficiencies for vitamins D, E ...