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Cyanosis is the change of body tissue color to a bluish-purple hue, as a result of decrease in the amount of oxygen bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells of the capillary bed. [1] Cyanosis is apparent usually in the body tissues covered with thin skin, including the mucous membranes, lips, nail beds, and ear lobes. [1]
Genetically induced chronic low-level methemoglobinemia may be treated with oral methylene blue daily. Also, vitamin C can occasionally reduce cyanosis associated with chronic methemoglobinemia, and may be helpful in settings in which methylene blue is unavailable or contraindicated (e.g., in an individual with G6PD deficiency). [22]
They appear as dense, blue-purple granules within the red blood cell and there are usually only one or two, located in the cell periphery. They stain on a Romanowsky stain because clumps of ribosomes are co‐precipitated with the iron‐containing organelles. A cell containing Pappenheimer bodies is a siderocyte.
Instead of two separate major blood vessels leaving the heart, there is one common outgoing vessel. [12] 3-5/100,000 births [13] 2. Transposition of the great vessels: The positions of the pulmonary artery and the aorta are switched, with the aorta connecting to the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery connecting to the left ventricle. [14]
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
The color of human blood ranges from bright red when oxygenated to a darker red when deoxygenated. [2] It owes its color to hemoglobin, to which oxygen binds. Deoxygenated blood is darker due to the difference in shape of the red blood cell when oxygen binds to haemoglobin in the blood cell (oxygenated) versus does not bind to it (deoxygenated).
The colour blood red is a dark shade of the colour red meant to resemble the colour of human blood (which is composed of oxygenated red erythrocytes, white leukocytes, and yellow blood plasma). [2] It is the iron in hemoglobin specifically that gives blood its red colour.
The purple coloring is caused by hemocyanin. Spectroscopy of oxyhemocyanin shows several salient features: [21] Resonance Raman spectroscopy shows that O 2 is bound in a symmetric environment (ν(O-O) is not IR-allowed). OxyHc is EPR-silent indicating the absence of unpaired electrons; Infrared spectroscopy shows ν(O-O) of 755 cm −1