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The solution presented explains how to solve the problem in a spreadsheet, showing the calculations column by column. Within Excel, the goal seek function can be used to set column 15 to 0 by changing the depth estimate in column 2 instead of iterating manually.
In order to calculate the Level of Service for the ICU method, the ICU for an intersection must be computed first. [3] ICU can be computed by: ICU = sum(max (tMin, v/si) * CL + tLi) / CL = Intersection Capacity Utilization CL = Reference Cycle Length tLi = Lost time for critical movement v/si = volume to saturation flow rate, critical movement
The flow rate can be converted to a mean flow velocity V by dividing by the wetted area of the flow (which equals the cross-sectional area of the pipe if the pipe is full of fluid). Pressure has dimensions of energy per unit volume, therefore the pressure drop between two points must be proportional to the dynamic pressure q.
If more than one formula is applicable in the flow regime under consideration, the choice of formula may be influenced by one or more of the following: Required accuracy; Speed of computation required; Available computational technology: calculator (minimize keystrokes) spreadsheet (single-cell formula) programming/scripting language (subroutine).
This can be used to calculate mean values (expectations) of the flow rates, head losses or any other variables of interest in the pipe network. This analysis has been extended using a reduced-parameter entropic formulation, which ensures consistency of the analysis regardless of the graphical representation of the network. [3]
Figure 1a shows the flow through the nozzle when it is completely subsonic (i.e. the nozzle is not choked). The flow in the chamber accelerates as it converges toward the throat, where it reaches its maximum (subsonic) speed at the throat. The flow then decelerates through the diverging section and exhausts into the ambient as a subsonic jet.