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  2. Strike and dip - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike_and_dip

    Linear features use trend and plunge instead. Plunge, or angle of plunge, is the inclination of the feature measured downward relative to horizontal. Trend is the feature's azimuth, measured in the direction of plunge. A horizontal line would have a plunge of 0°, and a vertical line would have a plunge of 90°.

  3. Structural geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_geology

    Structural geology is a critical part of engineering geology, which is concerned with the physical and mechanical properties of natural rocks. Structural fabrics and defects such as faults, folds, foliations and joints are internal weaknesses of rocks which may affect the stability of human engineered structures such as dams , road cuts, open ...

  4. Geologic map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_map

    Trend and plunge are used for linear features, and their symbol is a single arrow on the map. The arrow is oriented in the downgoing direction of the linear feature (the "trend") and at the end of the arrow, the number of degrees that the feature lies below the horizontal (the "plunge") is noted.

  5. Rake (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rake_(geology)

    The three-dimensional orientation of a line can be described with just a plunge and trend. The rake is a useful description of a line because often (in geology) features (lines) follow along a planar surface. In these cases the rake can be used to describe the line's orientation in three dimensions relative to that planar surface.

  6. Geological compass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_compass

    Classic geological compass (Brunton), sideview Classic geological compass (Brunton), topview. There are a number of different specialized magnetic compasses used by geologists to measure orientation of geological structures, as they map in the field, to analyze and document the geometry of bedding planes, joints, and/or metamorphic foliations and lineations.

  7. Carlin Unconformity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlin_Unconformity

    Carlin Trend, shown with other alignments of sediment-hosted gold deposits in Nevada.Source: USGS. Newmont's Gold Quarry mine in 2009, on the Carlin Trend. The Carlin Unconformity or Carlin Trend is a geologic feature in northeastern Nevada which represents a period of erosion or non-deposition likely associated with a collision between a tectonic crustal block called a terrane and the North ...

  8. Lineation (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineation_(geology)

    Lineations in structural geology are linear structural features within rocks. [1] There are several types of lineations, intersection lineations, crenulation lineations, mineral lineations and stretching lineations being the most common. Lineation field measurements are recorded as map lines with a plunge angle and azimuth.

  9. Slickenside - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slickenside

    Slickenside formation results in unique roughness on a slip surface. Fault surface roughness (or topography) is characterized by the aspect ratio of asperity height to scale of observation, and this roughness is a key parameter in the study of fault slip. [8]