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HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects components of the human immune system such as CD4 + T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. It directly and indirectly destroys CD4 + T cells. [88] HIV is a member of the genus Lentivirus, [89] part of the family Retroviridae. [90] Lentiviruses share many morphological and biological characteristics.
Two types of HIV have been characterized: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the virus that was initially discovered and termed both lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) and human T-lymphotropic virus 3 (HTLV-III). HIV-1 is more virulent and more infective than HIV-2, [20] and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally. The lower ...
HIV-1 strains were once thought to have arrived in New York City from Haiti around 1971. [63] [64] [65] It spread from New York City to San Francisco around 1976. [63] HIV-1 is believed to have arrived in Haiti from central Africa, possibly from the Democratic Republic of the Congo around 1967.
The spread of HIV/AIDS has affected millions of people worldwide; AIDS is considered a pandemic. [1] The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in 2016 there were 36.7 million people worldwide living with HIV/AIDS, with 1.8 million new HIV infections per year and 1 million deaths due to AIDS. [2]
The AIDS epidemic, caused by HIV, found its way to the United States between the 1970s and 1980s, [2] but was first noticed after doctors discovered clusters of Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia in homosexual men in Los Angeles, New York City, and San Francisco in 1981.
In addition, there are effective methods to prevent getting HIV through sex or drug use, including pre-exposure prophylaxis, known as the abbreviated “PrEP”, a medicine people at risk for HIV ...
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