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The battle of Raphia marked a turning-point in Ptolemaic history. The native Egyptian element in 2nd-century Ptolemaic administration and culture grew in influence, driven in part by Egyptians having played a major role in the battle and in part by the financial pressures on the state aggravated [ 9 ] by the cost of the war itself.
In the summer of 217 BC, Ptolemy engaged and defeated the long-delayed Antiochus in the Battle of Raphia, the largest battle since the Battle of Ipsus over eighty years earlier. Ptolemy's victory preserved his control over Coele-Syria, and the weak king declined to advance further into Antiochus' empire, even to retake Seleucia Pieria.
Ptolemy IV's uncle Lysimachus was probably murdered at this time. [7] [8] His mother Berenice II was believed to support his younger brother Magas, who had held substantial military commands and was popular with the army, so Magas was scalded to death in his bath. [9] [4] Berenice II died shortly afterwards; she is said to have been poisoned.
By 305 Ptolemy had taken the title of king, along with the other most powerful generals, including Cassander, Seleucus, and Antigonus. In 301 BC, the threat of Antigonus was finally ended with his death at the Battle of Ipsus. But despite this, the rivalry between the Ptolemies and the Seleucids for Syria would cause numerous wars in the future.
Because of the loss of the later books of Polybius, Polycrates' subsequent career is unknown. He seems to have taken part in the suppression of rebels in Egypt, wherein four rebel leaders named Athinis, Pausiras, Chesufus and Irobastus were brought in for negotiations, but executed publicly and humiliatingly by Ptolemy instead.
The Raphia decree, found at Memphis. The Raphia Decree is an ancient inscribed stone stela dating from ancient Egypt.It comprises the second of the Ptolemaic Decrees issued by a synod of Egyptian priests meeting at Memphis under Ptolemy IV of the Hellenistic Ptolemaic dynasty, which ruled Egypt from 305 BC to 30 BC.
Ptolemy III continued his predecessor's sponsorship of scholarship and literature. The Great Library in the Musaeum was supplemented by a second library built in the Serapeum. He was said to have had every book unloaded in the Alexandria docks seized and copied, returning the copies to their owners and keeping the originals for the Library. [25]
Ptolemaic victory at the Battle of Raphia and preserved control of Coele-Syria. Ptolemy IV Philopator: 2,200 at the Battle of Raphia: Upper Egyptian Revolt (204–196 BC) Ptolemaic Kingdom: Hugronaphor Ankhmakis: Ptolemaic victory. The rebel leaders were taken to Memphis and publicly executed on 26 March 196 BC; Ptolemy V Epiphanes? Fifth ...