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In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. That is, if a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} are real numbers, then the complex conjugate of a + b i {\displaystyle a+bi} is a − b i . {\displaystyle a-bi.}
A conjugate acid, within the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, is a chemical compound formed when an acid gives a proton (H +) to a base—in other words, it is a ...
Conjugate transpose, the complex conjugate of the transpose of a matrix; Harmonic conjugate in complex analysis; Conjugate (graph theory), an alternative term for a line graph, i.e. a graph representing the edge adjacencies of another graph; In group theory, various notions are called conjugation: Inner automorphism, a type of conjugation ...
In mathematics, especially group theory, two elements and of a group are conjugate if there is an element in the group such that =. This is an equivalence relation whose equivalence classes are called conjugacy classes .
Conjugate variables are pairs of variables mathematically defined in such a way that they become Fourier transform duals, [1] [2] or more generally are related through Pontryagin duality. The duality relations lead naturally to an uncertainty relation—in physics called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle —between them.
A conjugate vaccine is a type of subunit vaccine which combines a weak antigen with a strong antigen as a carrier so that the immune system has a stronger response to the weak antigen. Vaccines are used to prevent diseases by invoking an immune response to an antigen, part of a bacterium or virus that the immune system recognizes. [ 2 ]
The conjugate transpose of a matrix with real entries reduces to the transpose of , as the conjugate of a real number is the number itself. The conjugate transpose can be motivated by noting that complex numbers can be usefully represented by 2 × 2 {\displaystyle 2\times 2} real matrices, obeying matrix addition and multiplication: a + i b ≡ ...
Conversely any conjugate β of α is of this form: in other words, G acts transitively on the conjugates. This follows as K ( α ) is K -isomorphic to K ( β ) by irreducibility of the minimal polynomial, and any isomorphism of fields F and F ' that maps polynomial p to p ' can be extended to an isomorphism of the splitting fields of p over F ...