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An Islamic Development Bank branch in Dhaka. Sharia and securities trading is the impact of conventional financial markets activity for those following the islamic religion and particularly sharia law. Sharia practices ban riba (earning interest) and involvement in haram. It also forbids gambling and excessive risk (bayu al-gharar).
(For example, one Islamic bank – Al Rayan Bank in the United Kingdom – talks about "Fixed Term" deposits or savings accounts). [352] In both, the depositor agrees to hold the deposit at the bank for a fixed amount of time. [353] In Islamic banking return is measured as "expected profit rate" rather than interest. [354] [355]
Islamic banks often use "parallel" salam contracts and acting as a middleman. One contract is made with a seller and another with a purchaser to sell the good for a higher price. Examples of banks using these contracts are ADCB Islamic Banking and Dubai Islamic Bank. [113] Basic features and conditions of a proper salam contract
One critic (Muhammad O. Farooq) argues that this unfortunate situation has arisen because the "preoccupation" among supporters of Islamic Economics that any and all interest on loans is riba and forbidden by Islam, and because risk-sharing alternatives to interest bearing loans originally envisioned for Islamic banking have not proven feasible.
The industry has been praised for turning a "theory" into an industry that has grown to about $2 trillion in size; [6] [7] [8] for attracting banking users whose religious objections have kept them away from conventional banking services, [9] drawing non-Muslim bankers into the field, [2] and (according to other supporters) introducing a more stable, less risky form of finance.
Answers to the argument (of economists such as Farooq) that lenders of money are due some kind of rent-like compensation; [262] and to the question of why charging extra to finance a purchase (in, for example, murabaha Islamic finance) is allowed, but in lending cash it is riba, [Note 52] [413] can be found (supporters believe) in the "Islamic ...
As of the end of 2016, there were about 146 US Dollar-denominated, Islamic fixed income securities issued in the global markets, that were investment-grade, and had a duration of at least one year. These securities—which make up the Citi Sukuk Index—had an average maturity of 4.54 years, and most were issued by governments. [ 30 ]
(Takaful Basic Examination of Islamic Banking and Finance Institute of Malaysia). [1] According to at least one author (Monzer Kahf), Mu'amalat "sets terms and conditions of conduct for economic and financial relationships in the Islamic economy" and provides the "grounds on which new instruments" of Islamic financing are developed. It also ...