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John James Audubon (born Jean-Jacques Rabin, April 26, 1785 – January 27, 1851) was a French-American self-trained artist, naturalist, and ornithologist.His combined interests in art and ornithology turned into a plan to make a complete pictorial record of all the bird species of North America. [1]
Book of British Birds, pub. The Reader’s Digest, London, 1969 Many editions (still in print) Raymond Ching, The Bird Paintings, watercolours and Pencil Drawings 1969-1975 pub. Collins, London,1978. Standard and limited editions; The Art of Raymond Ching, pub. Collins, Auckland,1981; Studies & Sketches of a Bird Painter, pub. Lansdowne ...
[12] [10] In his bird art, he mainly forsook oil paint, the medium of serious artists of the day, in favour of watercolours and pastel crayons (and occasionally pencil, charcoal, chalk, gouache, and pen and ink). As early as 1807, he developed a method of using wires and threads to hold dead birds in lifelike poses while he drew them.
Morris offered him a pencil and paper at two years of age, and by the age of four, Congo had made 400 drawings and paintings. His style has been described as "lyrical abstract impressionism". [3] Media reaction to Congo's painting abilities were mixed, although relatively positive and accepted with interest.
Pencil drawings were not known before the 17th century, [1] with the modern concept of pencil drawings taking shape in the 18th and 19th centuries. [1] Pencil drawings succeeded the older metalpoint drawing stylus, which used metal instead of graphite. [1] Modern artists continue to use the graphite pencil for artworks and sketches. [1]
Sketches can be made in any drawing medium. The term is most often applied to graphic work executed in a dry medium such as silverpoint, graphite, pencil, charcoal or pastel. It may also apply to drawings executed in pen and ink, digital input such as a digital pen, ballpoint pen, marker pen, water colour and oil paint.
Tori and Dalton train Apollo based on Irene Pepperberg's model/rival technique she developed to train her own African grey parrot, Alex. [3] In the technique, the student (parrot) observes trainers interacting. One of the trainers models the desired student behavior, and is seen by the student as a rival for the other trainer's attention.
Alex (May 18, 1976 – September 6, 2007) [1] was a grey parrot and the subject of a thirty-year experiment by animal psychologist Irene Pepperberg, initially at the University of Arizona and later at Harvard University and Brandeis University.