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The Laporte rule is a selection rule formally stated as follows: In a centrosymmetric environment, transitions between like atomic orbitals such as s-s, p-p, d-d, or f-f, transitions are forbidden. The Laporte rule (law) applies to electric dipole transitions , so the operator has u symmetry (meaning ungerade , odd).
The Laporte rule is a rule that explains the intensities of absorption spectra for chemical species. It is a selection rule that rigorously applies to atoms, and to molecules that are centrosymmetric, i.e. with an inversion centre. It states that electronic transitions that conserve parity are forbidden. Thus transitions between two states that ...
The remaining two integrals contributing to the probability amplitude determine the electronic spatial and spin selection rules. The Franck–Condon principle is a statement on allowed vibrational transitions between two different electronic states; other quantum mechanical selection rules may lower the probability of a transition or prohibit ...
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is a potent refinement of ordinary photoemission spectroscopy. Light of frequency ν {\displaystyle \nu } made up of photons of energy h ν {\displaystyle h\nu } , where h {\displaystyle h} is the Planck constant , is used to stimulate the transitions of electrons from occupied to unoccupied electronic ...
In rotational-vibrational and electronic spectroscopy of diatomic molecules, Hund's coupling cases are idealized descriptions of rotational states in which specific terms in the molecular Hamiltonian and involving couplings between angular momenta are assumed to dominate over all other terms.
A Grotrian diagram, or term diagram, shows the allowed electronic transitions between the energy levels of atoms. They can be used for one-electron and multi-electron atoms. They take into account the specific selection rules related to changes in angular momentum of the electron.
These selection rules can be used for any crystal with the given crystal structure. KCl has a face-centered cubic Bravais lattice . However, the K + and the Cl − ion have the same number of electrons and are quite close in size, so that the diffraction pattern becomes essentially the same as for a simple cubic structure with half the lattice ...
Using the selection rules, the hyperfine pattern of = transition and higher dipole transitions is in the form of a hyperfine sextet. However, one of these components ( Δ F = − 1 {\displaystyle \Delta F=-1} ) carries only 0.6% of the rotational transition intensity in the case of J = 2 → 1 {\displaystyle J=2\rightarrow 1} .