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A fault trace or fault line is a place where the fault can be seen or mapped on the surface. A fault trace is also the line commonly plotted on geologic maps to represent a fault. [3] [4] A fault zone is a cluster of parallel faults. [5] [6] However, the term is also used for the zone of crushed rock along a single fault. [7]
With such faults, the opposite side of the fault appears to be moving right when facing the fault from either side. Both fault systems run parallel to and at the base of the ranges. Very often the same faults move laterally and vertically, simultaneously making them strike-slip and normal (i.e. oblique-slip). These two systems are also offset ...
Solidified lava flow in Hawaii Sedimentary layers in Badlands National Park, South Dakota Metamorphic rock, Nunavut, Canada. Geology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth' and λoγία () 'study of, discourse') [1] [2] is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. [3]
Salzach-Ennstal-Mariazell-Puchberg Fault System (SEMP) 400 [6] Austria: Sinistral strike-slip: San Andreas Fault System (Banning fault, Mission Creek fault, South Pass fault, San Jacinto fault, Elsinore fault) 1300: California, United States: Dextral strike-slip: Active: 1906 San Francisco (M7.7 to 8.25), 1989 Loma Prieta (M6.9) San Ramón ...
A transform fault or transform boundary, is a fault along a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal. [ 1 ] It ends abruptly where it connects to another plate boundary, either another transform, a spreading ridge, or a subduction zone. [ 2 ] A transform fault is a special case of a strike-slip fault that also forms a plate ...
Growth faults are syndepositional or syn-sedimentary extensional faults that initiate and evolve at the margins of continental plates. [1] They extend parallel to passive margins that have high sediment supply. [2] Their fault plane dips mostly toward the basin and has long-term continuous displacement. Figure one shows a growth fault with a ...
Basin and range topography is characterized by alternating parallel mountain ranges and valleys. It is a result of crustal extension due to mantle upwelling, gravitational collapse, crustal thickening, or relaxation of confining stresses. [1][2] The extension results in the thinning and deformation of the upper crust, causing it to fracture and ...
Mountain formation refers to the geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains. These processes are associated with large-scale movements of the Earth's crust (tectonic plates). [1] Folding, faulting, volcanic activity, igneous intrusion and metamorphism can all be parts of the orogenic process of mountain building. [2]