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1 the pronouns tum and āp can be used in both singular and plural sense, akin to the English pronoun you. 2 the habitual aspect of Hindustani cannot be put into future tense. 3 the perfective aspect behaves ergatively, agreeing with the object of the sentence.
Early forms of present-day Hindustani developed from the Middle Indo-Aryan apabhraṃśa vernaculars of present-day North India in the 7th–13th centuries. [33] [38] Hindustani emerged as a contact language around the Ganges-Yamuna Doab (Delhi, Meerut and Saharanpur), a result of the increasing linguistic diversity that occurred during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
The personal pronouns and possessives in Modern Standard Hindi of the Hindustani language displays a higher degree of inflection than other parts of speech. Personal pronouns have distinct forms according to whether they stand for a subject ( nominative ), a direct object ( accusative ), an indirect object ( dative ), or a reflexive object.
Hindi-Urdu, also known as Hindustani, has three noun cases (nominative, oblique, and vocative) [1] [2] and five pronoun cases (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, and oblique). The oblique case in pronouns has three subdivisions: Regular, Ergative , and Genitive .
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 22 January 2025. Romance language "Castilian language" redirects here. For the specific variety of the language, see Castilian Spanish. For the broader branch of Ibero-Romance, see West Iberian languages. Spanish Castilian español castellano Pronunciation [espaˈɲol] ⓘ [kasteˈʝano ...
The second and third person forms are typically instead conjugated periphrastically by adding a pronoun after the verb: beireann tú, beireann sé/sí, beireann sibh, beireann siad. The Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu) verb bʰarnā, the continuation of
Hindustani is extremely rich in complex verbs formed by the combinations of noun/adjective and a verb. Complex verbs are of two types: transitive and intransitive. [3]The transitive verbs are obtained by combining nouns/adjectives with verbs such as karnā 'to do', lenā 'to take', denā 'to give', jītnā 'to win' etc.
Other phonetic patterns in pronouns are either statistically insignificant or are more localized. [ 1 ] In many languages of northern Eurasia, and extending into India, the first person singular ('1sg') pronoun or a pronominal affix has an m or m -like consonant (abbreviated 'M'), and the second person singular ('2sg') pronoun or affix has a t ...