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Bupivacaine, marketed under the brand name Marcaine among others, is a medication used to decrease sensation in a specific small area. [5] In nerve blocks , it is injected around a nerve that supplies the area, or into the spinal canal's epidural space . [ 5 ]
Local anesthetic injections are given in specific areas of the mouth, rather than the whole body. ... bupivacaine (a long-acting anesthetic), ... This page was last ...
The drug typically starts taking effect within 15 minutes and can last up to 16 hours depending on factors such as site of administration and dosage. [1] Levobupivacaine was designed, in the late 1970s, to be a safer and more effective alternative to bupivacaine, which had been associated with a higher risk of cardiotoxicity.
Onset of effects when used in the eyes is within 30 seconds and last for less than 15 minutes. [2] Common side effects include a brief period of burning at the site of use. [2] Allergic reactions may uncommonly occur. [4] Long-term use is generally not recommended as it may slow healing of the eye. [2]
August Bier. The use of tourniquets and injected anesthesia to induce localized anesthesia was first introduced by August Bier in 1908. He used an Esmarch bandage to exsanguinate the arm and injected procaine between two tourniquets to rapidly induce anesthetic and analgesic effects in the site. [3]
The injection comes with a side effect, though: Most patients will experience a droopy eyelid, dilated pupil and some vision loss for about 10 minutes, but the symptoms resolve quickly.
Paresthesia, a short-to-long-term numbness or altered sensation affecting a nerve, is a well-known complication of injectable local anesthetics and has been present even before articaine was available. [17] An article by Haas and Lennon published in 1993 [18] seems to be the original source for the controversy surrounding articaine. This paper ...
Occasionally a 'pop' is felt as the needle tip passes through the muscle cone delineating the retrobulbar space. Following a negative aspiration for blood, 2–4 mLs of local anesthetic solution is injected and the needle is withdrawn. 2% Lidocaine (Xylocaine) and 0.5% to 0.75% bupivicaine (Marcaine) are two commonly used agents. Epinephrine ...