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The heavy water coolant is kept under pressure to avoid boiling, allowing it to reach higher temperature (mostly) without forming steam bubbles, exactly as for a pressurized water reactor (PWR). While heavy water is very expensive to isolate from ordinary water (often referred to as light water in contrast to heavy water), its low absorption of ...
Heavy Water Secondary coolant material Light Water Moderator material Heavy Water Reactor operating pressure, kg/cm 2 (g) 87 100 100 Active core height, cm 508.5 594 594 Equivalent core diameter, cm 451 – 638.4 Average fuel power density 9.24 KW/KgU 235 MW/m 3: Average core power density, MW/m 3: 10.13 12.1 Fuel Sintered Natural UO 2 pellets
In 2005, prices on the world market for uranium averaged US$20/lb (US$44.09/kg). On 2007-04-19, prices reached US$113/lb (US$249.12/kg). [51] On 2008-07-02, the price had dropped to $59/lb. [55] As of 2008, mining activity was growing rapidly, especially from smaller companies, but putting a uranium deposit into production takes 10 years or ...
Pressurized heavy-water reactor - utilizes heavy water, or water with a higher than normal proportion of the hydrogen isotope deuterium, in some manner. However, D 2 O (heavy water) is more expensive and may be used as a main component, but not necessarily as a coolant in this case. An example of a heavy water reactor is Canada's CANDU reactor.
Heavy water is less dissociated than light water at given temperature, and the true concentration of D + ions is less than H + ions would be for light water at the same temperature. The same is true of OD − vs. OH − ions. For heavy water Kw D 2 O (25.0 °C) = 1.35 × 10 −15, and [D + ] must equal [OD − ] for neutral water
Currently water-cooled reactors account for over 95 per cent of all operating civilian power reactors globally while gas cooled ones make up about three per cent worldwide.
The IPHWR (Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor) is a class of Indian pressurized heavy-water reactors designed by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. [1] The baseline 220 MWe design was developed from the CANDU based RAPS-1 and RAPS-2 reactors built at Rawatbhata , Rajasthan.
Range of possible CANDU fuel cycles: CANDU reactors can accept a variety of fuel types, including the used fuel from light-water reactors. A heavy-water design can sustain a chain reaction with a lower concentration of fissile atoms than light-water reactors, allowing it to use some alternative fuels; for example, "recovered uranium" (RU) from ...