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In statistical mechanics, the translational partition function, is that part of the partition function resulting from the movement (translation) of the center of mass.For a single atom or molecule in a low pressure gas, neglecting the interactions of molecules, the canonical ensemble can be approximated by: [1]
Rotational energies are quantized. For a diatomic molecule like CO or HCl, or a linear polyatomic molecule like OCS in its ground vibrational state, the allowed rotational energies in the rigid rotor approximation are = = (+) = (+). J is the quantum number for total rotational angular momentum and takes all integer values starting at zero, i.e., =,,, …, = is the rotational constant, and is ...
McQuarrie, Donald A. (1975). Statistical mechanics. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-044366-9. [69] [70] [71] 2e (2000) Sausalito, Calif.: University Science ISBN 1-891389-15-7. Reichl, Linda E (1980). A modern course in statistical physics. London: Edward Arnold. ISBN 0-7131-2777-5. [72] [73] [74] 2e (1998) Chichester: Wiley ISBN 0-471-59520-9
In statistical mechanics and thermodynamics the compressibility equation refers to an equation which relates the isothermal compressibility (and indirectly the pressure) to the structure of the liquid.
For a system (such as a molecule or solid) with uncoupled vibrational modes the vibrational partition function is defined by =, where is the absolute temperature of the system, is the Boltzmann constant, and , is the energy of the jth mode when it has vibrational quantum number =,,, ….
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The United States Military Academy was founded in 1802, through the Military Peace Establishment Act signed into law by President Thomas Jefferson.The legislation served the dual purpose of maintaining a well-trained standing militia at the ready, and of bringing to fruition Jefferson's vision of a national university. [1]
The letter describes right-wing illiberalism and then-US president Donald Trump as "a real threat to democracy", but argues that the political left engages in censorship of its own, denouncing "an intolerance of opposing views, a vogue for public shaming and ostracism, and the tendency to dissolve complex policy issues in a blinding moral certainty."