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Disodium pyrophosphate or sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) [1] is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7. It consists of sodium cations (Na +) and dihydrogen pyrophosphate anions (H 2 P 2 O 2− 7). It is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food ...
Sodium phosphates are popular in commerce in part because they are inexpensive and because they are nontoxic at normal levels of consumption. [4] However, oral sodium phosphates when taken at high doses for bowel preparation for colonoscopy may in some individuals carry a risk of kidney injury under the form of phosphate nephropathy.
A number of pyrophosphate salts exist, such as disodium pyrophosphate (Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7) and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na 4 P 2 O 7), among others. Often pyrophosphates are called diphosphates. The parent pyrophosphates are derived from partial or complete neutralization of pyrophosphoric acid.
In 1977 the United States Environmental Protection Agency published a position paper advocating for a phosphate ban in detergents.. States including Maine, Florida, and Indiana in the United States began restricting or banning the use of phosphates in laundry detergent in the early 1970s, culminating in a nationwide voluntary ban in 1994. [3]
While concerns have been raised regarding detrimental effects on the bones and cardiovascular diseases, as well as hyperphosphatemia, these seem to be relevant only for exaggerated consumption of phosphate sources. In all, reasonable consumption (up to 40 mg phosphate per kg of body weight per day) seems to pose no health risk. [13] [14]
Disodium phosphate (DSP), or disodium hydrogen phosphate, or sodium phosphate dibasic, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na 2 H P O 4. It is one of several sodium phosphates. The salt is known in anhydrous form as well as hydrates Na 2 HPO 4 ·nH 2 O, where n is 2, 7, 8, and 12. All are water-soluble white powders. The ...
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, also called sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSPP, is an inorganic compound with the formula Na 4 P 2 O 7. As a salt, it is a white, water-soluble solid. It is composed of pyrophosphate anion and sodium ions. Toxicity is approximately twice that of table salt when ingested orally. [3]
Other leavening agents developed include sodium aluminium sulfate (NaAl(SO 4) 2 ·12H 2 O), disodium pyrophosphate (Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7), and sodium aluminium phosphates (NaH 14 Al 3 (PO 4) 8 ·4H 2 O and Na 3 H 15 Al 2 (PO 4) 8). These compounds combine with sodium bicarbonate to give carbon dioxide in a predictable manner. [5]