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Levothyroxine, also known as L-thyroxine, is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T 4). [5] [8] It is used to treat thyroid hormone deficiency (hypothyroidism), including a severe form known as myxedema coma. [5]
T 3 and T 4 are partially composed of iodine, derived from food. [2] A deficiency of iodine leads to decreased production of T 3 and T 4, enlarges the thyroid tissue and will cause the disease known as simple goitre. [3] The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is thyroxine (T 4), whose half-life of around one week [4] is longer than that ...
Liothyronine may be used when there is an impaired conversion of T 4 to T 3 in peripheral tissues. [2] The dose of liothyronine for hypothyroidism is a lower amount than levothyroxine due it being a higher concentrated synthetic medication. [2] About 25 μg of liothyronine is equivalent to 100 μg of levothyroxine. [3]
T 3 and T 4 are released into the blood. The hormones secreted from the gland are about 80–90% T 4 and about 10–20% T 3. [36] [37] Deiodinase enzymes in peripheral tissues remove the iodine from MIT and DIT and convert T 4 to T 3 and RT 3. [34] This is a major source of both RT 3 (95%) and T 3 (87%) in peripheral tissues. [38]
Desiccated thyroid has been used since the late 1800s. [3] It is usually made from pigs, sheep, or cows. [4] It is available as a generic medication. [1] In 2022, it was the 137th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions. [5] [6] Usage has decreased since the 1960s. [3]
A tablet can be formulated to deliver an accurate dosage to a specific site in the body; it is usually taken orally, but can be administered sublingually, buccally, rectally or intravaginally. The tablet is just one of the many forms that an oral drug can take such as syrups, elixirs, suspensions, and emulsions.
[3] A hydrophobic matrix is a drug mixed with a hydrophobic polymer. This causes SR because the drug, after being dissolved, will have to be released by going through channels made by the hydrophilic polymer. [3] A hydrophilic matrix will go back to the matrix as discussed before where a matrix is a mixture of a drug or drugs with a gelling ...
The medication is taken by mouth and contains 30 μg EE and 3 mg DRSP per tablet (brand names Yasmin, others) or 20 μg EE and 3 mg DRSP per tablet (brand names Yaz, Yasminelle, Nikki, others). [2] [3] A formulation with levomefolic acid (vitamin B 9) has also been marketed (brand names Beyaz, Safyral, others), with similar indications.