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Pathway: If current flows through vital organs, like the heart muscle, it is more likely to be lethal. High voltage (over about 600 volts). In addition to greater current flow, high voltage may cause dielectric breakdown at the skin, thus lowering skin resistance and allowing further increased current flow.
Using the integrin-linked mechanotransduction pathway as an example (being one of the better studied pathways), it has been shown to mediate chondrocyte adhesion to cartilage surfaces, [29] mediate survival signaling [30] and regulate matrix production and degradation. [31]
Pathways can also turn genes on and off, or spur a cell to move. [1] Some of the most common biological pathways are involved in metabolism, the regulation of gene expression and the transmission of signals. Pathways play a key role in advanced studies of genomics. Most common types of biological pathways: [1] Metabolic pathway; Genetic pathway
The current strength then declines but is maintained throughout the healing process. The strength and direction of these fields are the same regardless of the size of a wound. [27] Healing of skin wounds is a complex process involving the cooperation of various elements of the body, such as platelets, immune cells, epithelial cells, and ...
The cardiac conduction system (CCS, also called the electrical conduction system of the heart) [1] transmits the signals generated by the sinoatrial node – the heart's pacemaker, to cause the heart muscle to contract, and pump blood through the body's circulatory system.
Developmental bioelectricity is a sub-discipline of biology, related to, but distinct from, neurophysiology and bioelectromagnetics.Developmental bioelectricity refers to the endogenous ion fluxes, transmembrane and transepithelial voltage gradients, and electric currents and fields produced and sustained in living cells and tissues.
Figure 2: Regulation of metabolic pathways maintains blood glucose concentration at approximately 5 mM in humans. Blood glucose levels are maintained at a steady state concentration by balancing the rate of entry of glucose into the blood stream (i.e. by ingestion or released from cells) and the rate of glucose uptake by body tissues. [1]
Sodium leak channels do not show any voltage or ligand gating. Instead, they are always open or "leaking" a small background current to regulate the resting membrane potential of a neuron. [35] In most animals, a single gene encodes the NALCN (sodium leak channel, nonselective) protein. [38]