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Page from the Gospel of Judas Mandaean Beth Manda in Nasiriyah, southern Iraq, in 2016, a contemporary-style mandi. Gnosticism (from Ancient Greek: γνωστικός, romanized: gnōstikós, Koine Greek: [ɣnostiˈkos], 'having knowledge') is a collection of religious ideas and systems that coalesced in the late 1st century AD among early Christian sects.
For some time, his study The Gnostic Religion: The message of the alien God and the beginnings of Christianity published in 1958, was widely held to be a pivotal work, and it is as a result of his efforts that the Syrian-Egyptian/Persian division of Gnosticism came to be widely used within the field.
Marcion argued that Christianity should be solely based on Christian Love. He went so far as to say that Jesus' mission was to overthrow Demiurge—the fickle, cruel, despotic God of the Old Testament—and replace Him with the Supreme God of Love whom Jesus came to reveal. Marcion was labeled a gnostic by Irenaeus.
The Gnostic Religion: The Message of the Alien God and the Beginnings of Christianity. Boston: Beacon Press. Layton, Bentley (1987). The Gnostic Scriptures: A New Translation with Annotations and Introductions. New York: Doubleday. Rudolph, Kurt (1987). Gnosis: The Nature and History of Gnosticism. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
In Gnosticism, the divine spark is the portion of God that resides within each human being. [1]The purpose of life is to enable the Divine Spark to be released from its captivity in matter and reestablish its connection with, or simply return to, God, who is perceived as being the source of the Divine Light.
Christian Gnosticism. Apelles; ... as the religion of the Mandaean people, is based on a set of religious creeds and doctrines. ... thus they did not believe that God ...
Valentinus (Greek: Οὐαλεντῖνος; c. 100 CE – c. 180) was the best known and, for a time, most successful early Christian Gnostic theologian. [1] He founded his school in Rome . According to Tertullian , Valentinus was a candidate for bishop but started his own group when another was chosen.
The Carpocratians were Gnostics, [1] believing in a dualism of evil matter and good spirit, and pursuing gnosis, the esoteric knowledge needed for salvation. [2] As others of the belief system, they believed all beings in the world strove towards Monas, the Supreme Principle or Primal Being, [3] whom Carpocratians called the Father of All, or the One Beginning. [4]