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Chromium deficiency is described as the consequence of an insufficient dietary intake of the mineral chromium. Chromium was first proposed as an essential element for normal glucose metabolism in 1959, [ 1 ] but its biological function has not been identified. [ 2 ]
Tolerable upper intake levels (UL), to caution against excessive intake of nutrients (like vitamin A and selenium) that can be harmful in large amounts. This is the highest level of sustained daily nutrient consumption that is considered to be safe for, and cause no side effects in, 97.5% of healthy individuals in each life stage and sex group.
For example, whether chromium is essential in humans is debated. No Cr-containing biochemical has been purified. The United States and Japan designate chromium as an essential nutrient, [11] [12] but the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), representing the European Union, reviewed the question in 2014 and does not agree. [13]
The Institute of Medicine advisory stated (daily intake basis): "Americans consume more than 3,400 milligrams of sodium – the amount in about 1.5 teaspoons of salt (8.7 g) – each day. The recommended maximum daily intake of sodium – the amount above which health problems appear – is 2,300 milligrams per day for adults, about 1 teaspoon ...
Chromium toxicity refers to any poisonous toxic effect in an organism or cell that results from exposure to specific forms of chromium—especially hexavalent chromium. [1] Hexavalent chromium and its compounds are toxic when inhaled or ingested. Trivalent chromium is a trace mineral that is essential to human nutrition.
Chromium-51 is a synthetic radioactive isotope of chromium having a half-life of 27.7 days and decaying by electron capture with emission of gamma rays (0.32 MeV); it is used to label red blood cells for measurement of mass or volume, survival time, and sequestration studies, for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding, and to label platelets to study their survival.
Tolerable upper intake levels, maximal recommended dietary intake not to have harmful effects Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tolerable dose .
Sodium to less than 2.3 g/day (5.8 g of salt/day), including both added table salt and salt in foods; If consumed, use alcohol in moderation and only for adults — up to 1 drink daily for women and 2 drinks daily for men. [23] The Dietary Guidelines also include a key recommendation to meet the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. [23]