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  2. Hydrosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere

    Excessive water use has also caused intermittent streams to become more dry, which is dangerous because they are extremely important for water purification and habitat. [17] Other ways humans impact the hydrosphere include eutrophication, acid rain, and ocean acidification. Humans also rely on the health of the hydrosphere.

  3. Marine biogeochemical cycles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_biogeochemical_cycles

    The conveyor belt begins on the surface of the ocean near the pole in the North Atlantic. Here, the water is chilled by Arctic temperatures. It also gets saltier because when sea ice forms, the salt does not freeze and is left behind in the surrounding water. The cold water is now more dense, due to the added salts, and sinks toward the ocean ...

  4. Water cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cycle

    Over time, the water returns to the ocean, to continue the water cycle. The ocean plays a key role in the water cycle. The ocean holds "97% of the total water on the planet; 78% of global precipitation occurs over the ocean, and it is the source of 86% of global evaporation". [2]

  5. Underwater environment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_environment

    As the world ocean is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, it is integral to life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences climate and weather patterns. The World Ocean is the habitat of 230,000 known species, but because much of it is unexplored, the number of species that exist in the ocean is much larger, possibly over two ...

  6. Climate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_system

    The five components of the climate system all interact. They are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere. [1]: 1451 Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things).

  7. Earth system science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_system_science

    They are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere. [28]: 1451 Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things).

  8. Ecosphere (planetary) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosphere_(planetary)

    All living organisms that exist within a given ecosphere. J.B. Lamarck defined the term biosphere. When modern biologists mention the biosphere they usually mean the best part of the Earth's crust, which is the lithosphere and hydrosphere, and of the lower parts of the Earth's lower parts, which is the troposphere. All these together and the ...

  9. Spring (hydrology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)

    Springs have also been observed on the ocean floor, spewing warmer, low-salinity water directly into the ocean. [ 2 ] Springs formed as a result of karst topography create karst springs , in which ground water travels through a network of cracks and fissures—openings ranging from intergranular spaces to large caves , later emerging in a spring.