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Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), sold under the brand name Nitropress among others, is a medication used to lower blood pressure. [3] This may be done if the blood pressure is very high and resulting in symptoms, in certain types of heart failure, and during surgery to decrease bleeding. [3]
Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke, heart failure, kidney failure and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that a reduction of blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34% and of ischaemic heart disease by 21%.
Guidelines on the choice of agents and how best to step up treatment for various subgroups in hypertension (high blood pressure) have changed over time and differ between countries. A Comparison of International Guidelines on Goal Blood Pressure and Initial Therapy for Adults With Hypertension (adapted from JNC 8 guidelines [ 1 ] )
[2] [3] [4] It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1] Common side effects include headaches, dizziness, fatigue, and cough. [1] Serious side effects may include liver problems, angioedema, kidney problems, and high blood potassium. [1] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended. [5]
Light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) is a clinical approach that applies different wavelengths of light to cure diseases or conditions with skin-safe lights. Following NASA's innovation in the 1990s with Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) that emit a specific narrow light spectrum, LED Therapy (LEDT) showed significant potential. [ 1 ]
Blood irradiation therapy is an alternative medical procedure in which the blood is exposed to low-level light (often laser light) for therapeutic reasons. [1] The practice was originally developed in the United States, [ 1 ] but most recent research on it has been conducted in Germany (by UV lamps ) and in Russia (in all variants).
A systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration specifically recommended that low-dose thiazides be used as the initial pharmacological therapy for high blood pressure. [9] Low-dose thiazides are more effective at treating hypertension than beta blockers and are similar to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. [9]