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The preload achieved by torquing a bolt is caused by the part of the torque that is effective. Friction in the threads and under the nut or bolt head uses up some fraction of the applied torque. Much of the torque applied is lost overcoming friction under the torqued bolt head or nut (50%) and in the threads (40%).
Bolted joint in vertical section Screw joint. The distinction between a bolt and a screw is poorly defined. The academic distinction, per Machinery's Handbook, [3] is in their intended purpose: bolts are designed to pass through an unthreaded hole in a component and be fastened with the aid of a nut.
Sex bolt: Barrel nut, barrel bolt, binding barrel, Chicago screw, post and screw or connector bolt Has a barrel-shaped flange and protruding boss that is internally threaded Split nut: Split lengthwise into two pieces (opposed halves) so that its female thread may be opened and closed over the male thread of a bolt or leadscrew Sleeve nut ...
Machine screws are also made with socket heads (see above), in which case they may be referred to as socket head machine screws. stove bolt: gutter bolt: A Stove bolt is a type of machine screw that has a round or flat head and is threaded to the head. They are usually made of low grade steel, have a slot or Phillips drive, and are used to join ...
A lathe of 1871, equipped with leadscrew and change gears for single-point screw-cutting A Brown & Sharpe single-spindle screw machine. Fasteners had become widespread involving concepts such as dowels and pins, wedging, mortises and tenons, dovetails, nailing (with or without clenching the nail ends), forge welding, and many kinds of binding with cord made of leather or fiber, using many ...
Fasteners such as wood screws, plastic screws, machine screws, nuts, and bolts. Connecting threaded pipes and hoses to each other and to caps and fixtures. Gear reduction via worm drives; Moving objects linearly by converting rotary motion to linear motion, as in the leadscrew of a jack.
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In normal use, a nut-and-bolt joint holds together because the bolt is under a constant tensile stress called the preload.The preload pulls the nut threads against the bolt threads, and the nut face against the bearing surface, with a constant force, so that the nut cannot rotate without overcoming the friction between these surfaces.