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Abu al-Aswad's system of Harakat was different from the system we know today. The system used red dots with each arrangement or position indicating a different short vowel. A dot above a letter indicated the vowel a, a dot below indicated the vowel i, a dot on the side of a letter stood for the vowel u, and two dots stood for the tanwīn.
This is a list of Arabic letter components used in Arabic script. ... U+0753, ݓ ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW AND TWO DOTS ABOVE.
Rasm (Arabic: رَسْم) is an Arabic writing script often used in the early centuries of Classical Arabic literature (7th century – early 11th century AD). Essentially it is the same as today's Arabic script except for the big difference that the Arabic diacritics are omitted. These diacritics include i'jam (إِعْجَام, ʾiʿjām ...
Initially, this was done using a system of red dots, said to have been commissioned by Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, the Umayyad governor of Iraq, according to traditional accounts [citation needed]: a dot above = a, a dot below = i, a dot on the line = u, and doubled dots giving tanwin. However, this was cumbersome and easily confusable with the letter ...
For example, the Arabic letters ب b, ت t, and ث th have the same basic shape, but with one dot added below, two dots added above, and three dots added above respectively. The letter ن n also has the same form in initial and medial forms, with one dot added above, though it is somewhat different in its isolated and final forms.
Evolution of early Arabic script (9th–11th century), with the Basmala as an example, from kufic Qur'ān manuscripts: (1) Early 9th century, script with no dots or diacritic marks;(2) and (3) 9th–10th century under the Abbasid dynasty, Abu al-Aswad's system established red dots with each arrangement or position indicating a different short ...
Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Kashmiri, ... initial and medial forms of this letter have dots → U+0649 ى ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA → U+064A ي Arabic Letter Yeh U+06CD ۍ Arabic Letter Yeh With Tail Pashto, Sindhi U+06CE ێ Arabic Letter Yeh With Small V Kurdish U+06CF ۏ Arabic Letter Waw With Dot Above Jawi U+06D0 ې
arabic letter hah with dot below and 2 dots horizontally above = jeem with 2 dots horizontally above u+08c1 ...