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The degree of meandering of the channel of a river, stream, or other watercourse is measured by its sinuosity. The sinuosity of a watercourse is the ratio of the length of the channel to the straight line down-valley distance. Streams or rivers with a single channel and sinuosities of 1.5 or more are defined as meandering streams or rivers. [1] [3]
Due to the circular path of a stream around a bend the surface of the water is slightly higher near the concave bank (the bank with the larger radius) than near the convex bank. This slight slope on the water surface of the stream causes a slightly greater water pressure on the floor of the stream near the concave bank than near the convex bank.
The Rum River is a slow, meandering stream that connects Minnesota's Mille Lacs Lake with the Mississippi River.It runs for 151 miles (243 km) [3] through the communities of Onamia, Milaca, Princeton, Cambridge, Isanti, and St. Francis before ending at the city of Anoka, roughly 20 miles northwest of Minneapolis.
Here, at the deepest and fastest part of the stream is the cut bank, the area of a meandering river channel that continuously undergoes erosion. [4] The faster the water in a river channel, the better it is able to pick up greater amounts of sediment, and larger pieces of sediment, which increases the river's bed load. [4]
Cut bank erosion and point bar deposition as seen on the Powder River in Montana. Cut banks along the Cut Bank Creek. A cut bank, also known as a river cliff or river-cut cliff, is the outside bank of a curve in a water channel (), which is continually undergoing erosion. [1]
This topography contrasts strongly with the Lower Mississippi, which is a meandering river in a broad, flat area, only rarely flowing alongside a bluff (as at Vicksburg, Mississippi). The confluence of the Mississippi (left) and Ohio (right) rivers at Cairo, Illinois, the demarcation between the Middle and the Lower Mississippi River
An entrenched river, or entrenched stream is a river or stream that flows in a narrow trench or valley cut into a plain or relatively level upland. Because of lateral erosion streams flowing over gentle slopes over a time develops meandering (snake like pattern) course. Meanders form where gradient is very gentle, for example in floodplain and ...
Handbook for predicting stream meander migration. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board. ISBN 978-0-309-08814-5. Leopold, Luna B. (1973). "River channel change with time: an example address as Retiring President of The Geological Society of America, Minneapolis, Minnesota, November 1972". Geological Society of America Bulletin.