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A tax inversion or corporate tax inversion is a form of tax avoidance where a corporation restructures so that the current parent is replaced by a foreign parent, and the original parent company becomes a subsidiary of the foreign parent, thus moving its tax residence to the foreign country. Executives and operational headquarters can stay in ...
Flat tax, an income tax where everyone pays the same tax rate. Gift tax, a tax on gifts given (generally paid by the person making the gift, not by the recipient). Gross receipts tax, a tax on revenues received by a corporation, even if they don't profit. Hall–Rabushka flat tax, a flat tax on income that excludes investments.
A limiting factor in determining the government budget is the capacity to tax. Per capita income (PCI) is the most often used measure of relative fiscal capacity. [11] But this measure fails to base tax capacity computation on other important tax bases like the sales and property tax and corporate income taxes.
Union Pacific Railroad, 240 U.S. 1 (1916), indicated that the amendment did not expand the federal government's existing power to tax income (meaning profit or gain from any source) but rather removed the possibility of classifying an income tax as a direct tax on the basis of the source of the income. The Amendment removed the need for the ...
(Y − T + TR) is disposable income whereas (Y − T + TR − C) is private saving. Public saving, also known as the budget surplus, is the term (T − G − TR), which is government revenue through taxes, minus government expenditures on goods and services, minus transfers. Thus we have that private plus public saving equals investment.
The government sector consists of the economic activities of local, state and federal governments. Flows from households and firms to government are in the form of taxes. The income the government receives flows to firms and households in the form of subsidies, transfers, and purchases of goods and services.
Taxable income refers to the base upon which an income tax system imposes tax. [1] In other words, the income over which the government imposed tax. Generally, it includes some or all items of income and is reduced by expenses and other deductions. [2] The amounts included as income, expenses, and other deductions vary by country or system.
A new income tax law, passed in 1997 and effective 1998, determined residence as the basis for taxation of worldwide income. [168] The Philippines used to tax the foreign income of nonresident citizens at reduced rates of 1 to 3% (income tax rates for residents were 1 to 35% at the time). [169]