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Pitman shorthand is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), who first presented it in 1837. [1] Like most systems of shorthand, it is a phonetic system; the symbols do not represent letters, but rather sounds, and words are, for the most part, written as they are spoken.
'Pitman New Era (1922–1975) had the most developed set of rules and abbreviation lists. Pitman 2000 (1975–present) introduced some simplifications and drastically reduced the list of abbreviations to reduce the memory-load..The later versions dropped certain symbols and introduced other simplifications to earlier versions.'
Personal Shorthand, originally known as Briefhand in the 1950s, is a completely alphabetic shorthand.. There are three basic categories of written shorthand. Best known are pure symbol (stenographic) shorthand systems (e.g., Gregg, Pitman).
[6] [7] As such, Pitman and Ellis gave their alphabet the alternative name of Phonotypy or, even more phonetically, Fonotypy. It was designed to be the print form extension of Pitman Shorthand, a form of abbreviated phonetic handwriting. [8] It is closely associated with Phonetic Longhand, which is the handwritten, or script, form of Phonotypy. [9]
The I.T.A. originally had 43 symbols, which was expanded to 44, then 45. Each symbol predominantly represented a single English sound (including affricates and diphthongs), but there were complications due to the desire to avoid making the I.T.A. needlessly different from standard English spelling (which would make the transition from the I.T.A. to standard spelling more difficult), and in ...
Pitman was the grandfather of James Pitman, who developed the Initial Teaching Alphabet. His grand-daughter, Honor Isabel Salmon (b.1912, née Pitman) was killed while piloting an Airspeed Oxford for the Air Transport Auxiliary in 1943. [11] His great-grandson John Hugh Pitman was appointed an OBE in 2010 for services to vocational training.
Pitman's Metropolitan College was established in 1870, offering a curriculum that included office procedures, accounting, law, shorthand, and typing. [3] In 1886, Isaac Pitman formed Isaac Pitman and Sons (later Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons) with his sons Alfred and Ernest, which became a significant educational publisher and training business. [5]
Initially, Pitman inherited the ideas formulated by his grandfather, Isaac Pitman, who was a lifelong advocate of spelling reform for the English language and passed this advocacy on to James Pitman. Isaac's major work on spelling reform was the development of the alternative English orthography known as Phonotypy which he published in 1844.