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The Ghaza or Ghazi thesis (from Ottoman Turkish: غزا, ġazā, "holy war", or simply "raid") [nb 1] is a since discredited historical paradigm first formulated by Paul Wittek which has been used to interpret the nature of the Ottoman Empire during the earliest period of its history, the fourteenth century, [2] and its subsequent history.
A ghazi (Arabic: غازي, Arabic pronunciation:, plural ġuzāt) is an individual who participated in ghazw (غزو, ġazw), meaning military expeditions or raids.The latter term was applied in early Islamic literature to expeditions led by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and later taken up by Turkic military leaders to describe their wars of conquest.
The supply of Ottoman forces operating in Moldavia and Wallachia was a major challenge that required well organized logistics. An army of 60,000 soldiers and 40,000 horses required a half-million kilograms of food per day. The Ottoman forces fared better than the Russians, but the expenses crippled both national treasuries.
Turgut Bey (Ottoman Turkish: طورغود آلپ) was one of the warriors and Bey's who fought for Ertuğrul, a Turkoman leader and bey, and Ertuğrul's son Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. [3] [1] After the establishment of the Empire, he became one of its military commanders, serving Osman I, as well as his son, Orhan Gazi. [4]
The Ottoman form of the fly is substantial, and it is descate. The Ottoman (most are) rectangular flags have a triangular fly, and usually have a border. Flags exhibited a determined state ideology to Ottomans. [15] Ottoman military flags were to the highest standards. Some of the best traits of Asian flags were used by the Ottoman military in ...
Murad I (Ottoman Turkish: مراد اول; Turkish: I. Murad, Murad-ı Hüdavendigâr (nicknamed Hüdavendigâr, from Persian: خداوندگار, romanized: Khodāvandgār, lit. 'the devotee of God' – meaning "sovereign" in this context); 29 June 1326 – 15 June 1389) was the Ottoman Sultan from 1362 to 1389. He was a son of Orhan ...
Uprisings in Ottoman territory had many far-reaching consequences during the 19th century and determined much of Ottoman policy during the early 20th century. Many Ottoman Turks questioned whether the policies of the state were to blame: some felt that the sources of ethnic conflict were external, and unrelated to issues of governance. While ...
The early Ottoman state's expansion was fueled by the military activity of frontier warriors (Turkish: gazi), of whom the Ottoman ruler was initially merely primus inter pares. Much of the state's centralization was carried out in opposition to these frontier warriors, who resented Ottoman efforts to control them.