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The C language provides the four basic arithmetic type specifiers char, int, float and double (as well as the boolean type bool), and the modifiers signed, unsigned, short, and long.
For Integers, the unsigned modifier defines the type to be unsigned. The default integer signedness outside bit-fields is signed, but can be set explicitly with signed modifier. By contrast, the C standard declares signed char, unsigned char, and char, to be three distinct types, but specifies that all three must have the same size and alignment.
All C integer types have signed and unsigned variants. If signed or unsigned is not specified explicitly, in most circumstances, signed is assumed. However, for historic reasons, plain char is a type distinct from both signed char and unsigned char. It may be a signed type or an unsigned type, depending on the compiler and the character set (C ...
In C and C++ short, long, and long long types are required to be at least 16, 32, and 64 bits wide, respectively, but can be more. The int type is required to be at least as wide as short and at most as wide as long , and is typically the width of the word size on the processor of the machine (i.e. on a 32-bit machine it is often 32 bits wide ...
If the source of the operation is an unsigned number, then zero extension is usually the correct way to move it to a larger field while preserving its numeric value, while sign extension is correct for signed numbers. In the x86 and x64 instruction sets, the movzx instruction ("move with zero extension") performs this function.
Typically, hardware will support both signed and unsigned types, but only a small, fixed set of widths. The table above lists integral type widths that are supported in hardware by common processors. High-level programming languages provide more possibilities.
In the sign–magnitude representation, also called sign-and-magnitude or signed magnitude, a signed number is represented by the bit pattern corresponding to the sign of the number for the sign bit (often the most significant bit, set to 0 for a positive number and to 1 for a negative number), and the magnitude of the number (or absolute value ...
WORD – 16 bit (2 byte) DWORD – 32 bit (4 byte) LWORD – 64 bit (8 byte) INTEGER – whole numbers (Considering byte size 8 bits) SINT – signed short integer (1 byte) INT – signed integer (2 byte) DINT – signed double integer (4 byte) LINT – signed long integer (8 byte) USINT – Unsigned short integer (1 byte) UINT – Unsigned ...