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In HTML and XML, a numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format: &#xhhhh;. or &#nnnn; where the x must be lowercase in XML documents, hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form, and nnnn is the code point in decimal form.
Incorrect HTML entity escaping may also open up security vulnerabilities for injection attacks such as cross-site scripting. If HTML attributes are left unquoted, certain characters, most importantly whitespace, such as space and tab, must be escaped using entities. Other languages related to HTML have their own methods of escaping characters.
Web pages authored using HyperText Markup Language may contain multilingual text represented with the Unicode universal character set.Key to the relationship between Unicode and HTML is the relationship between the "document character set", which defines the set of characters that may be present in an HTML document and assigns numbers to them, and the "external character encoding", or "charset ...
Predefined named character entities are similar to internal entities: 5 of them however are treated specially in all SGML, HTML and XML parsers. These entities are a bit different from normal parsed entities, because when a named character entity reference is encountered in the document, the reference is also replaced immediately by the ...
However, if using tools supporting obsolete implementations of HTML, the reference € (Euro sign in the CP-1252 code page) or ¤ (Euro sign in ISO/IEC 8859-15) may work. As another example, if some text was created originally using the MacRoman character set, the left double quotation mark “ will be represented with code point xD2.
An SGML or XML DTD may also include entity declarations in which the token CDATA is used to indicate that entity consists of character data. The character data may appear within the declaration itself or may be available externally, referenced by a URI. In either case, character reference and parameter entity reference markup is allowed in the ...
The description of entities equiv, Congruent has extra text after the Unicode name of its code point(s): -> Unicode name is "identical to" -> extra tailing text is "; sometimes used for 'equivalent to' or 'congruent'" The description of entities nequiv, NotCongruent has extra text after the Unicode name of its code point(s): -> Unicode name is ...
A general entity can only be referenced within the document content. A parameter entity can only be referenced within the document type definition (DTD). Entities are also further classified as parsed or unparsed: A parsed entity contains text, which will be incorporated into the document and parsed if the entity is referenced. A parameter ...