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Jöns Jacob Berzelius discovered silicon in 1823. ... The first silicon semiconductor device was a ... are brought to the lower ocean through a process called marine ...
Siliceous organisms in the ocean, such as diatoms and radiolaria, are the primary sink of dissolved silicic acid into opal silica. [32] Only 3% of the Si molecules dissolved in the ocean are exported and permanently deposited in marine sediments on the seafloor each year, demonstrating that silicon recycling is a dominant process in the oceans. [3]
[166] [167] The first formally identified diatom, the colonial Bacillaria paxillifera, was discovered and described in 1783 by Danish naturalist Otto Friedrich Müller. [166] Like many others after him, he wrongly thought that it was an animal due to its ability to move.
The first rare-earth mineral discovered (1787) was gadolinite, a black mineral composed of cerium, yttrium, iron, silicon, and other elements. This mineral was extracted from a mine in the village of Ytterby in Sweden ; four of the rare-earth elements bear names derived from this single location.
Winds drive ocean currents in the upper 100 meters of the ocean's surface. However, ocean currents also flow thousands of meters below the surface. These deep-ocean currents are driven by differences in the water's density, which is controlled by temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline). This process is known as thermohaline circulation.
Silicon forms a nutrient-like profile in the ocean due to the diatom productivity in shallow depths, which means there is less concentration of silicon in the upper ocean and more concentration of silicon in the deep ocean. [19] Diatom productivity in the upper ocean contribute to the amount of silicon exported to the lower ocean. [20]
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Because the ocean floors are mainly sima, it is also sometimes called the 'oceanic crust'. The name 'sima' was taken from the first two letters of silica and of magnesia . Comparable is the term sial (another antiquated blended term), [ 2 ] which is the name for the upper layer of Earth's crust ( continental crust ) , namely rocks rich in ...