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The 1804 Haiti massacre, also referred to as the Haitian genocide, [1] [2] [3] was carried out by Afro-Haitian soldiers, mostly former slaves, under orders from Jean-Jacques Dessalines against much of the remaining European population in Haiti, which mainly included French people.
An etching of the coronation of Dessalines as Emperor of Haiti Dessalines holding a mutilated French woman's head. On 1 January 1804, from the city of Gonaïves, Dessalines officially declared the former colony's independence and renamed it "Ayiti" after the indigenous Taíno name. He had served as Governor-General of Saint-Domingue since 30 ...
On 1 January 1804, Dessalines, the new leader under the dictatorial 1801 constitution, declared Haiti a state in the name of the Haitian people. Dessalines' secretary Boisrond-Tonnerre stated, "For our declaration of independence, we should have the skin of a white man for parchment, his skull for an inkwell, his blood for ink, and a bayonet ...
They are the prized bounty of Haiti’s hard-fought struggle for freedom, taken in battle from European powers and then placed on top of the country’s most revered monument, Citadelle Henry, to ...
On 1 January 1804, Dessalines proclaimed Haiti an independent sovereign state. [48] Mid-February, Dessalines told some cities (Léogâne, Jacmel, Les Cayes) to prepare for mass massacres. [ 49 ] On 22 February 1804, he signed a decree ordering that all whites in all cities should be put to death. [ 50 ]
This period of Haitian history commenced with the fall of the Kingdom of Haiti in the north and the reunification of Haiti in 1820 under Jean-Pierre Boyer. This period also encompassed Haitian occupation of Spanish Santo Domingo from 1822 to 1844, creating a unified political entity governing the entire island of Hispaniola .
History of Haiti; Pre-Columbian Haiti (before 1492) Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (1492–1625) Taíno genocide: Saint-Domingue (1625–1804) Haitian Revolution; First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806) 1804 Haiti massacre; Siege of Santo Domingo; North Haiti (1806–1820) State of Haiti; Kingdom of Haiti; South Haiti (1806–1820) First ...
From its founding Haiti has been beset by violence, foreign manipulation and political upheaval. Jovenel Moïse thought he could break the mold. He couldn’t.